Vicarious Traumatization Concept Analysis

Vicarious Traumatization Concept Analysis Periods of active investigation have observed throughout this review of the literature on psychological trauma and little systematic findings have been notorious (Pearlman and Mac Ian (1995). Despite that Pearlman and Saakvitine, (1995a) mentioned that therapists appeared to be attracted to working with traumatized population. In spite of this assumption, there are others studies that have evaluated the influence of gender as possible cause to a vicarious traumatization; but, no evidence have been found indicating that gender plays an active role in developing vicarious trauma (Nelson-Gardell Harris, 2003; Pearlman Mac lan, 1995). On the other hand, a history of prior traumatization in mental health workers or practitioners may be a risk factor. Cunningham (2003) indicated that a relationship between professionals having a reduced sense of personal safety and a higher levels of exposure to traumatic materials, especially if they had experienced sexual abuse themselves. Nelson-Gardell and Harris (2003) revised multiple cause potential risk factors in the population of child protection workers; and, discovered that a history of emotional abuse and sexual abuse associated with an increased risk of developing secondary traumatic stress. In 2004, Kadambnd Truscott did a comparison with mental health workers, who worked with sexual abuse survivors, cancer patients, and practitioners and found no differences in the degree of vicarious trauma among these diverse groups. According to these investigators, these special populations, who are perceived as highly vulnerable and depending on the nature of the trauma, dealt w ith a possible cause that might contribute to the degree of risk for practitioners or workers in the mental health field. Kadambi and Truscott (2004) clarified there is limited and contradictory evidence for this assumption. Proximity to traumatic events seems to increase the cause of developing vicarious traumatization. Even though, results of research with criminal lawyers suggested that evidence have shown that the prolonged exposure to traumatic materials is associated with a higher increased risk of developing vicarious traumatization (Vrklevski Franklin, 2008; Musa Hamid, 2008). Vrklevski Franklin (2008) suggested that the cause of having a history of several traumas in their personal histories and proximity to the traumatic event could be one of the causes of exposing themselves to a higher risk of developing vicarious trauma symptoms. Ultimately, the workplace environment has been considered as a potential cause risk factor. Professionals who work for the public sector seemed to find themselves at a higher risk of developing vicarious traumatization, than those working in the private practices (Vredenburgh, Carlozzi Stein, 1999). By 2004, Goldsmith, Barlow, and Freyd suggested that workers of public agencies might also be exposed to a higher percentage of traumatized clients. This could lead to an effect on higher caseloads, inadequate or non-existent resources, and more complicated clients. They also suggested that agency workers might be exposed to an increased percentage of traumatized clients (Goldsmith, Barlow Freyd, 2004; Cougle, Resnick Kilpatrick, 2009). Boscarino, Figley and Adams (2004) suggested that clients were more likely to experience multiple environmental stressors, like poverty, unemployment and exposure to crime, as well as fewer social supports and higher rates of client comorbidity. Nevertheless, the long work hours could also appear to be one of the causes of risk factors in developing vicarious traumatization, as the caseloads with higher numbers of traumatized individuals. Newell and MacNeil (2011) in their research, studied workers who were exposed to traumatic stories or clients’ with traumatic stories at the veteran’s hospital, and revealed that consistent evidence that workplace factors can increase practitioners risks of developing vicarious traumatization. In comparison to other potential risk factors, Kadami and Truscott (2008) researched practitioners who work with sexual abuse victims in Canada, reported that the most important factors in causing therapist’s perceptions of vicarious trauma in their workplace were included the lack of support, long hours of work, high caseloads and limited resources. Their research revealed that exposure to consistently, detailed factors of the trauma, societal injustice, and exposure to human cruelty and countertransference or highly emotional reactions within the practitioners working with sexual abuse victims were denoted. On the other hand, Kadami and Truscott (2008) pointed out that those practitioners who were not working with sexual abuse victims did not score significantly different on registering vicarious traumatization with the others Canada professionals. Consequently, this raises another collateral effect that brings about an ethical issue. Trauma practitioners in addressing their countertransference reactions, protect the client and themselves. By not doing so, the effects are likely to have an undesirable impact on the therapists’ relationships with clients, personal and professional life (Trippany, White-Kress and Wilcoxon, 2004). However, as a cause and effect of the phenomenon of vicarious traumatization, Srdanovic (2007) and Hill (2003) have researched among therapists who have been working victims of sexual violence and other traumatic events. In reviewing the cognitive, emotional and behavioral reactions to being a victimized individual that there have uncovered several others dynamics at the personal level that might be influencing (Hill, 2003). Nevertheless, its psychological effects remain the same, regardless of the type of population, ethnicity, age or working responsibilities. Another assumption that can cause vicarious traumatization symptoms is pointed out to the workplace cultural factors that appears to interact as an important role in the development or at risk factor symptoms for a vicarious victimization. Schauben and Frazier (1995) highlighted that a lack of a larger support systems contributes to the development of trauma-related problems for practitioners or workers in mental health. These researchers argued that cultures that discourage the expression of emotion, autonomy, and self-care place employees increased the risk of vicarious traumatization throughout the establishment of a dysfunctional institutional norm. Those practitioners who work within these institutions, according to Schauben and Frazier (1995) work in an unhealthy cultural norm, because not only discourage self-care, but, also discourage individuals from these cultures from being supportive to one another. These individuals present a tendency to internalize these dysfunctional n orms and invalidate their need to self-protect and avoid the personal impact they may experience by being exposed to these traumas. Pearlman and Mac Ian (1995) strongly support their argument that trauma practitioners need to active seeking professional consultation and support in order to transform their emotional, self-esteem, cognitive and behavioral reactions to the collateral effects of trauma work (Pearlman Saakvitine, 1995a; Devilly, Wright Varker, 2009). Since 2005, Marriage and Marriage focused on the importance of therapists on being aware of their feelings, therefore, using their diagnostic and therapeutic awareness for their benefit and the client. Furthermore, Toren (2008) during her research process explained that working with traumatized population most of the time can become rewarding effect for the therapist. The limited research on the evidence remains unclear and limited. The only variable that remains consistent with all the literature review is the need for education among experienced and non-experienced practitioners (Cunningham, 2003; Newell MacNeil, 2010). The lack of proper standardized instruments to measure these effects, and its variables are lacking. As well as, it becomes difficult assessing which ethnic population is more affected than others (Newell MacNeil, 2010). Once again, the debate, of having clear and consistent definitions for various theoretical constructs. This continues to indicating that, even though, there have been various attempts to provide new literature that conceptualizes the phenomenon of vicarious trauma and others theoretical constructs, such as, countertransference and compassion fatigue the overlapping issue continues. The research evidence indicates that the phenomenon of vicarious traumatization were found in anecdotal recordings by trauma therap ists, indicating that affected practitioners and clients (Sexton, 1999).

Lord of the Flies †Leadership Essay

The ideas of Leadership and human nature can best be related to an up and coming Hollywood star. They start out all innocent but the fame, fortune, and power catch up with them. It changes them, having people look up to you and knowing that they will follow everything they do allows you to understand the power that you have. They can end up going out of control and it will change them for the worst. The ability to have this kind of power, for Jack, turns him into being obsessive with being the leader of the tribe. When he does not win it makes him really jealous of Ralph. He makes everyone turn on Ralph to become the unofficial leader. The power drives him crazy and starts to beat on kids on the island for no apparent reason, it even escalades to killing them. It is human nature to have the desire for power, to lead other people, and control them, even though we don’t try to the greed can overpower us to do the wrong choices. The human nature of wanting power can come for several different reasons such as competition to be the leader of the tribe, having too much desire to be a leader, and when you are neglected by the others. A major reason there was greed to have power, in Lord of the Flies, is because there was competition in who would be it. Jack thought he was a shoe-in to be leader since he had the choir to back him up. Instead, Ralph was chosen over Jack. Jack was extremely angry that he lost and believed he deserved to be the leader. It was even embarassing to him because Ralph, who beat him out for being the leader, wasn’t even interested in winning. Jack became obsessed in having power over the tribe that he was ready to go great lengths to get what he wanted. He made some boys on the island feel like outsiders in order to get the tribe on his side. This is an example why competition is a main reason why there was a greed to have power. A large factor in Lord of the Flies, especially in Jack, is to have too much desire to be leader. When Jack used to live back in England he went to boarding school. In those days boarding schools were not the greatest places. He had boundaries on where he could go, what he could do and who he could talk too. Virtually, everyday of his life is scheduled. Once getting n this island he was free, he was free to do whatever he wanted. Because he was being confined to such a boring and routine life he wanted more than freedom. He wanted to control the freedom of others, he wanted to be leader. In his mind he was trying to prove he was responsible and could handle it, but what he did was plain cruelty and evil. You get a big impression that Jack never wants to leave this island. This is showing you that Jack you that Jack is one of the first to lose contact with civilization, its human nature to want power but he is going mad. A major key for Ralph to have power is because he was starting to get neglected by the others. At first Ralph wasn’t to fond in being chosen to be leader but knew he had some ideas on how they could get off the island. At first everyone listened to him and they were all excited to work. Then they wanted to hunt Ralph was okay with this because they could use some meat. This was a huge mistake, all they wanted to do was hunt. Ralph held assemblies to get them under control because no one was building shelters or working on the fire, they had lost all discipline The hunters were not happy what Ralph was telling him. The hunters were starting to favor the leader of the hunters Jack, because what he was telling seemed to be much more appealing to them. Jack then saw his chance to become the leader they were all frusterated at Ralph so the hunters all got together and moved out to a secluded part of the island. Those who were left behind, including Jack, were left with next to nothing. Ralph finally realized he was the lows of the lows, he was at Piggy’s level. This made him want some recognition to get back the status he once had so he joined Ralph. Once again its human nature that if you can’t beat them you join them. Ralph joined the group knowing it was wrong and through joining even lost contact with civilization. He want the power he once had as lesder but becomes a savage through it. Leadership, human nature and the effects it has is shown throughout the novel Lord Of The Flies. How much control we have over our human can make a big difference on our personality and how we react to different confrontations. The chance of having power will come at different times in our life we must choose the time we take them.

How to Start Your Own Accounting Business 2019

A new accounting business can go in a number of directions. Tax preparation is the big, once-a- year business opportunity for an accounting firm. Many small accounting firms one to five person shops will work twelve hour days, and even longer through March to mid-April during tax season. For some, its probably like Christmas for a retailer: the season carries them through subsequent slow months. Tax preparation as a profession has gotten a lot more time-efficient with the advent of tax preparation software. Most accountants have moved beyond the consumer-level Turbotax or Taxcut products to more sophisticated accounting programs. Its then a matter of plugging in the figures provided by the client, helping make decisions on itemization, and dividing taxable from non- taxable expenses. Small accounting businesses can handle an extraordinary number of tax returns these days. That is one reason for starting an accounting business: everyone has to pay taxes once a year. A good accountant can build a customer base that is all he can handle for tax season and most will return each year. Its a retail level business with a guaranteed clientele. .uf411f9ea31ccc1ece344e9d52eca23e2 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .uf411f9ea31ccc1ece344e9d52eca23e2:active, .uf411f9ea31ccc1ece344e9d52eca23e2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .uf411f9ea31ccc1ece344e9d52eca23e2 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .uf411f9ea31ccc1ece344e9d52eca23e2 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .uf411f9ea31ccc1ece344e9d52eca23e2 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .uf411f9ea31ccc1ece344e9d52eca23e2:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Nebraska Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in Nebraska, the Cornhusker StateAccounting is a business that builds its clientele on personal relationships. Timely, friendly service will keep tax customers coming back. Building an accounting business that provides accounting services for existing businesses requires some marketing and footwork. Probably the best investment for a small accountant is an ad in the Yellow Pages, as that is where much of your unsolicited business will come from. The rest will probably come from personal referrals. A new accounting business can invest in some direct mail to introduce the firm. You can purchase mailing lists of businesses by zip code and put out a letter or brochure introducing your firm and your services. Send your mail to the CEO, NOT the accounting department. Follow up your mailing with a telephone call to see if you can get in the door for an introductory meeting. For a new business, professionally done presentation materials are a good investment. Prepare a sheet with a biography and photo of yourself, highlighting your credentials and experience. Prepare another sheet, or brochure, that illustrates the potential cost savings of outsourcing accounting services. Write a personal cover letter to the person youre meeting or hope to meet. Put it all in a two or three color folder with the name of your firm on it and mail it or hand carry it, if youre going to a meeting. Never run out of business cards. .u4c37cd4cdd1196312180cc61edd250b1 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u4c37cd4cdd1196312180cc61edd250b1:active, .u4c37cd4cdd1196312180cc61edd250b1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u4c37cd4cdd1196312180cc61edd250b1 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u4c37cd4cdd1196312180cc61edd250b1 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u4c37cd4cdd1196312180cc61edd250b1 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u4c37cd4cdd1196312180cc61edd250b1:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Degree in Criminal Justice Use a Criminal Justice Background to Work as a ParalegalFor a small, new accounting firm its phone work and footwork. If you do enough of it, youll get some response. So one of the things you want to do before you open your doors is decide how much business you want. Can you handle the books for two firms? Three? Remember that a tax practice blows a big hole in the schedule every year. There comes a point for every small business when the owner will have to hire an employee in order to continue growth. Perhaps the toughest decision for any small business is when that cycle of growth reaches a point of diminishing returns when the additional income doesnt pay for additional staff or for the headaches that always accompany success. Related ArticlesA Crash Course in Business AdministrationHow to Handle a Group InterviewGeneral Engineering Degree Make Use of Technical and People Skills as a Sales EngineerOnline Nursing Degree BSN Students Share Time Management StrategiesAccounting Services for Small BusinessesBuy and Sell Accounting Businesses .uc4c18f555c3e7093a686a59251e844d9 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .uc4c18f555c3e7093a686a59251e844d9:active, .uc4c18f555c3e7093a686a59251e844d9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .uc4c18f555c3e7093a686a59251e844d9 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .uc4c18f555c3e7093a686a59251e844d9 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .uc4c18f555c3e7093a686a59251e844d9 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .uc4c18f555c3e7093a686a59251e844d9:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ 10 Job Tips for New Grads

The Nursing Code Of Ethics Essay - 839 Words

There are many different careers which entail much more than just a particular degree from a post-secondary education program. Typically, all careers have a specific code and level of ethics which are incorporated into the daily responsibilities one is expected to perform in their chosen field. For the basis of this paper, I have chosen to write about the nursing code of ethics. Nursing has a professional code of ethics along with the level/employee behavior usually being currently attainable, meaning that the behavior expected is normally exhibited by individuals. (Manias 508). However, although nursing seems to require behavior that is â€Å"normally† exhibited and tends to be one of the most popular medical fields, there are numerous amounts of ethical issues which have emerged in this field of work since the few being noted in Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing. (Ulrich et al. 2). From a particular self-administered survey taken by over 1000 nurses in four diff erent states and in four different census regions in the United States, over half appeared to â€Å"feel uncomfortable in addressing the ethical issues they encountered in patient care†. (Ulrich et al. 1). However, from analysis of over 422 questionnaires, the top five most frequently occurring and trying ethical patient care issues were reported to be â€Å"protecting patients’ rights; autonomy and informed consent to treatment; staffing patterns; advanced care planning; and surrogate decision-making†. (Ulrich et al.Show MoreRelatedThe Nursing Code Of Ethics Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesAs described in Black, ethics and morals are defining characteristics that guide nursing care. Each play a particular role in the efficacy of each nurse and the way he or she performs within the scope of practice. 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